Residential Services

Hillside & Desert Residential Architecture

Five of the custom homes in E-Project's portfolio are contemporary hillside residences — Troon North, Desert Highlands Lot 361, Garmo, Wing and the two Kent houses. Hillside work is a distinct discipline: the ordinance decides how much of the lot you may disturb, and the design has to be good inside that number.

Discuss a Hillside Lot See Hillside Projects

The short answer

On a hillside parcel in the Valley, three numbers govern before anything else: how much of the lot you may disturb, how tall you may build measured from natural grade, and how deep a cut you may make. Get those from the ordinance first and the house designs itself around them. Get them last and you redesign.

Jurisdiction by Jurisdiction

Three cities, three completely different rulebooks

Scottsdale — Environmentally Sensitive Lands Overlay (ESLO)

An overlay, not a hillside district. It covers roughly 134 square miles north and east of the Central Arizona Project canal, and superseded the older Hillside Ordinance. The governing requirement is Natural Area Open Space (NAOS): a percentage of the parcel must be dedicated as undisturbed natural area, set by landform and slope.

  • On Hillside landform, NAOS runs from 50% at slopes under 15% up to 80% above 25% slope.
  • On Upper Desert, 25% to 45%; on Lower Desert, 20% to 30%.
  • Hillside density caps: 1 home per 5 acres under 25% slope; 1 per 20 acres at 25–35%; 1 per 40 acres above 35%.
  • ESLO limits single-family building height to 24 feet from natural grade — stricter than the 30-foot base district limit.
  • Any property zoned ESL must be submitted for review; the screening is not waived for minor work.

Source: City of Scottsdale — Environmentally Sensitive Lands

Paradise Valley — Article XXII Hillside Development Regulations

Applies to all land in the mapped Hillside Development Area and to any land where natural terrain under the building pad slopes 10% or more — mapped or not. Review runs through the Hillside Building Committee, and a pre-application review is mandatory for every hillside application before a permit application.

  • Disturbed Area allowance scales with slope: about 60% at a 10% slope, 34% at 15%, 20% at 20%, 13% at 25%, and 10% at 40%.
  • Primary building height: a 24-foot plane paralleling pre-development natural grade. Accessory structures: 16-foot plane. Overall cap 40 feet from highest structure point to lowest natural grade.
  • Maximum cut to establish a building site or driveway: 30 feet. After final grading, not more than 5% of the lot may be steeper than natural grade.
  • Driveways: minimum 12 feet wide, maximum 30% grade, asphalt prohibited.
  • Small work can qualify for administrative Hillside Chair review only if it adds no more than 100 SF of footprint, no more than 100 SF of disturbed area and no more than 15 linear feet of wall.

Source: Town of Paradise Valley — Hillside Building Committee

Phoenix — Zoning Ordinance Section 710, Hillside Development

Triggered where natural terrain on any lot or portion of a lot has a slope of 10% or greater, in all zoning districts. Density is capped by slope band, from 1.80 dwelling units per gross acre at 10–14.9% slope down to 0.20 per acre above 35%.

  • Standard single-family on hillside: minimum 18,000 SF lot, 120-foot width and depth.
  • Maximum lot coverage 25% where slopes exceed 10%.
  • A slope analysis and density study is required before rezoning, preliminary site plan or building permit.
  • Hillside status disqualifies a project from both the City's Self-Certification program and Priority Expedited Plan Review — so the fast tracks are off the table.

Source: Phoenix Zoning Ordinance §710

Ordinances change. These figures are cited from each jurisdiction's published materials as of 2026 and are given to show how differently the three regimes work — E-Project verifies the current standards against your specific parcel at the start of every hillside project.

Design Approach

How we design inside a disturbance budget

Start with the slope analysis

Before massing, we map slope bands across the parcel and calculate the allowable disturbance or NAOS obligation. That produces a buildable pad envelope — usually much smaller and differently shaped than the owner expects — and every subsequent decision happens inside it.

Step the building, don't flatten the site

Level changes that follow the landform cost less in retaining and cut than a single flat pad, and they read better from below. On a plane-based height limit like Paradise Valley's, stepping is also the only way to get volume without breaching the plane.

Drive the driveway early

Access is frequently the constraint that kills a scheme. Grade limits, width minimums, surface restrictions and how the driveway counts against the disturbance allowance all need resolving before the house is designed, not after.

Grading and drainage as design, not cleanup

Hillside drainage is a design problem — where water goes, what it does to the neighbor downhill, and what the engineer will need to seal. Several jurisdictions require an engineer-sealed grading and drainage plan at thresholds far below what owners assume.

Design for what is visible from below

Hillside ordinances are, at bottom, view-shed ordinances. Materials, colour, reflectivity, exterior lighting and wall lengths are all reviewed for visual impact. Designing to that from the beginning is cheaper than defending it at a committee hearing.

Budget the site work honestly

The house is rarely the expensive part on a steep lot. We reconcile site work — cut, fill, retaining, driveway, utilities — into the construction budget at schematic design, when it can still change the scheme.

Built Hillside Work

Contemporary hillside residences

ProjectSizeStatus
Troon North Residence — Scottsdale6,500 SF2020
Garmo Residence6,500 SFIn construction
Kent Residence 14,800 SF2018
Kent Residence 24,800 SF2018
Wing Residence4,100 SF2021
Desert Highlands Lot 361 — Scottsdale3,800 SF2021

See the hillside projects and 3D animations

Related

Frequently Asked Questions

What counts as a hillside lot in the Phoenix area?

It depends on the jurisdiction, and the thresholds are specific. The City of Phoenix applies its Hillside Development standards where natural terrain on any lot or portion of a lot has a slope of 10 percent or greater, in all zoning districts. Paradise Valley applies Article XXII Hillside Development Regulations to all land in the mapped Hillside Development Area and to any land where natural terrain under the building pad slopes 10 percent or more, whether mapped or not. Scottsdale instead uses an Environmentally Sensitive Lands Overlay covering roughly 134 square miles north and east of the CAP canal, with requirements keyed to landform and slope.

How much of a hillside lot can I actually build on?

Far less than the lot area suggests, and the calculation is written into the ordinance. Scottsdale's ESLO requires a percentage of the parcel be dedicated as Natural Area Open Space based on landform and slope — on Hillside landform this ranges from 50 percent at gentle slopes up to 80 percent above 25 percent slope. Paradise Valley's Article XXII sets allowable Disturbed Area by building-site slope, dropping from 60 percent at a 10 percent slope to about 13 percent at 25 percent and 10 percent at 40 percent. Phoenix caps lot coverage at 25 percent where slopes exceed 10 percent. This is why hillside design starts with the disturbance budget, not the floor plan.

How tall can a hillside house be?

Lower than you would expect, and measured differently. Scottsdale's ESLO design standard limits building height in single-family residential districts to 24 feet measured from natural grade — stricter than the 30-foot base district limit. Paradise Valley limits the primary building to a 24-foot plane paralleling pre-development natural grade, accessory structures to a 16-foot plane, and sets an overall 40-foot maximum from the highest point of the structure to the lowest natural grade. The shift from a flat height limit to a plane following natural grade is the single biggest surprise for owners coming from flat-lot experience.

Does a hillside project need extra approvals before a building permit?

In Paradise Valley, yes. Hillside applications go to the Hillside Building Committee, and a pre-application review is mandatory for all hillside applications before one of several review tracks is assigned. The Town's own guidance is that hillside committee review happens prior to applying for a permit. Small work may qualify for an administrative Hillside Chair review if it does not increase the footprint by more than 100 square feet, create more than 100 square feet of additional disturbed area, increase wall length by more than 15 linear feet, or exceed the main residence height. In Phoenix, hillside status also removes eligibility for both the Self-Certification program and Priority Expedited Plan Review.

Is hillside design more expensive?

Usually yes, and the cost sits in site work and structure rather than finishes. Cuts, retaining, driveway grade, drainage, and foundation systems stepping down a slope all add cost, and ordinances limit how much you can regrade your way out of the problem — Paradise Valley caps cut height at 30 feet and prohibits asphalt driveways, with a 30 percent maximum driveway grade. The design response is to work with the landform rather than flatten it, which is also what the ordinances are written to produce.

Considering a hillside or desert lot?

Have the disturbance budget and height plane checked before you close. It is the cheapest hour in the whole project.

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Or call 480-626-8648 · info@e-projectinternational.com